First aid can save lives, but some long-held beliefs and practices are outdated or even dangerous. Here’s a clear guide on how to handle common first aid situations properly.
1. Dealing with a Foreign Object in the Eye
Do:
- Flush the eye with clean water or saline.
- Blink several times to see if the object dislodges naturally.
- Seek medical help if the object is embedded or not easily removed.
Don’t:
- Rub the eye, as this can cause scratches or embed the object further.
- Try to remove an embedded object yourself.
2. Applying Ointments to a Wound
Do:
- Use an antibiotic ointment (like Neosporin) after cleaning a minor wound to prevent infection.
- Cover with a sterile bandage.
Don’t:
- Apply ointments to deep, puncture wounds or burns without medical advice.
- Use expired or non-sterile products.
3. Rubbing a Person with a Fever with Alcohol or Vinegar
Do:
- Use lukewarm water sponging to help reduce fever.
- Provide fluids and rest.
- Use fever-reducing medications (acetaminophen, ibuprofen) as directed.
Don’t:
- Rub with alcohol or vinegar. These can be absorbed through the skin or cause chilling, which may worsen the condition, especially in children.
4. Lifting Up an Unconscious Person
Do:
- Check for breathing and pulse.
- Call emergency services immediately.
- If necessary, place the person in the recovery position if there’s no suspected spinal injury.
Don’t:
- Lift or move the person unless they are in immediate danger (e.g., fire). Moving them may worsen injuries, especially if spinal trauma is suspected.
5. Treating Burns with Butter or Sour Cream
Do:
- Cool the burn under cool (not cold) running water for 10–20 minutes.
- Cover with a clean, non-stick bandage.
- Seek medical attention for severe burns.
Don’t:
- Apply butter, oil, or sour cream. These trap heat and can cause infection.
6. Setting a Bone on Your Own
Do:
- Immobilize the area using a splint or sling.
- Apply ice to reduce swelling.
- Seek immediate medical help.
Don’t:
- Attempt to realign or “set” a broken bone yourself. This can cause further damage.
7. Applying Warmth to a Sprain
Do:
- Use the R.I.C.E. method: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, especially in the first 48 hours.
Don’t:
- Apply heat initially, as it can increase swelling. Heat can be used later to relieve stiffness once swelling has gone down.
8. Making Yourself Vomit in Case of Poisoning
Do:
- Call a poison control center or emergency services immediately.
- Follow professional guidance.
Don’t:
- Induce vomiting unless specifically instructed by a medical professional. It can worsen the situation, especially with caustic substances or petroleum products.
9. Rescuing a Drowning Person
Do:
- Call for help and use a flotation device if available.
- Try a “reach or throw, don’t go” approach to avoid risking your own safety.
- If trained, perform rescue breathing and CPR once the person is out of the water.
Don’t:
- Jump in unless you’re trained in water rescue—many rescuers drown trying to help.
10. Pulling Out Objects from Wounds
Do:
- Stabilize the object in place with gauze or cloth.
- Get professional medical help immediately.
Don’t:
- Remove impaled objects yourself. This can lead to severe bleeding or further injury.
11. Applying Ice to a Bruise
Do:
- Apply ice wrapped in a cloth for 15–20 minutes every hour for the first 24–48 hours.
- This reduces swelling and pain.
Don’t:
- Apply ice directly to the skin; it can cause frostbite.
12. Using Stitches to Close Cuts
Do:
- Apply pressure to stop bleeding.
- Clean the wound gently and seek medical help for deep, gaping, or jagged cuts.
Don’t:
- Try to stitch yourself or others unless you’re a trained medical professional. Improper stitching can lead to infection or poor healing.
Final Thoughts
While some first aid methods are widely known, not all of them are effective—or safe. It’s best to stay updated with certified first aid training from organizations like the Red Cross or local health authorities. Knowing what not to do can be just as important as knowing what to do in an emergency.